class action lawsuit against state farm homeowners insuranceclass action lawsuit against state farm homeowners insurance
The State Farm class action lawsuit seeks to hold liable the insurance company for engaging in abusive and unfair business practices which caused consumers to submit claims they did not meet. My research came across a recently filed class action lawsuit in December alleging systemic racial discrimination in its claims processing. A score slightly above 50 might indicate there are some anomalies with the claim, and that a claims adjuster should spend a little extra time reviewing these claims and perhaps forward them to a supervisor for a decision before payment can be made. According to Lex Machina, State Farm Mutual Auto Insurance was the most active insurer defendant during the 2017-2021 period, with just under 2,500 lawsuits against it. "A proposed class action alleges State Farm Fire and Casualty Company, in an attempt to save money, has wrongfully used "new construction" numbers when generating through industry-standard software cost estimates for projects more properly considered "reconstruction," resulting in the underpayment of policyholders' claims . How can check to see if I am apart of this lawsuit? This will be posted quickly, exposing the company and letting others see what happened to you! It was inspired by a December 2020 report in The New York Times describing the difficulties that Black homeowners had in getting insurers to pay their claims, the researchers said. Among other data points, the survey collected data on where the homeowners were located; how long their claims process took; whether they were asked to submit additional paperwork after making a claim; how many interactions with a claims handler were required to resolve the claim; and the ultimate outcome of their claim submission. What We Do. The Times report noted that although plenty of Black homeowners had stories to tell about their treatment by insurance companies, the absence of publicly available data made it difficult to evaluate whether individual cases amounted to a pattern of discrimination largely because insurers keep information about their claims secret. With its pervasive advertising and well-known jingle, the insurance giant State Farm is hard to miss. P.C. Average annual cost. EEOC online records show State Farm rejected a proposed conciliation agreement to settle the matter on June 11. (The Doan, et al. My insurance do go up a bit This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Abbott baby formula recall lawsuit investigation, American Tuna false advertising class action lawsuit investigation. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Ill just assess the damage thats inside the home.. This sliding percentage scale does not reflect actual value of the vehicle or any typical negotiation, but rather is meant to ensure that Defendants total loss payments are significantly reduced, the suit states. PIP Paid $10,000 in Medical Bills. He stated to me: Oh, Im not going up there. I received a 104 dollar awhile back and I was cleaning my truck out and it got mixed in with some other papers and I burned it is there anything I can do another check. When will I expect to get my check. your claim status, claim form or questions about when payments are This is on par with the national average of $1,899 per year. Maybe this is the reason. What the industry readily confirms, however, are the basics of the traditional home insurance claim process: A homeowner who has suffered a loss submits a claim; the insurance company assigns an adjuster to assess the loss and apply the wording of the homeowners policy to the adjusters interpretation of the facts of the case. The company employs more than 50,000 employees nationwide and has 30 operation centers and more than 300 claims locations all over the country. As explained in the same industry presentation discussed above, the system is designed such that honest customers receive lightning-quick responses, while questionable claims are guided through further processing with actionable insights and automated workflows in the insurers claims management system. State Farm denied the landlord's claim because of what it said was a history of fraud in the area, according to the article's allegation. The objector, Lisa Marlow, argued that the class counsel fees are too high at $90 million. Nevertheless, the insurance company did not succeed in having the entire class action lawsuit being dropped, leading to a jury trial in court. We look forward to hearing from you. The new research, the results of which are described in the lawsuit, also highlights that certain claims get singled out for greater scrutiny not because of the direct involvement of human beings but rather because of the way the industry processes claims. Do not understand state farm, Your email address will not be published. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_4" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Please note: Top Class Actions is not a settlement Real shysters. The insurance giant threatened to pull out of Texas, where . I have been working on a number of active State Farm lawsuits involving its claims practices. Counsel at Swift, Currie, McGhee & Hiers on Friday removed an insurance coverage lawsuit against State Farm Fire and Casualty Company to Georgia Northern District Court. I reached out to my local agent to question it as I was not familiar with the class action. It is the first of its kind to use company-specific data to highlight racial bias, which is difficult to prove. The skilled trial lawyers at McCormick & Murphy, P.C. If another storm came through and caused more damage that she had to fix, Ms. Huskey said she would rather sell her home and find a new one. The suit seeks unspecified damages, costs, and pre- and post-judgment interest, as well as an injunction against State Farm. Policyholders who want to object to the . Appellants brought a putative class action lawsuit against State Farm, claiming that State Farm breached the terms of Appellants' policy when it calculated the actual cash value of damaged property. Ms. Huskey, 57, is one of the plaintiffs who says she experienced racial discrimination at the hands of State Farm. Representatives of FRISS were not immediately reachable. 32. 1 Huskey v. State Farm Fire & Cas. We work closely with class action and mass tort attorneys across the country and help with investigations into corporate wrongdoing. It is seeking class-action status, and is looking to include plaintiffs from across six Midwestern states in which State Farm operates. Its terms called for State Farm to pay Campbell-Jackson $464,631.10 in back pay and damages, and recommended additional training on discrimination, harassment, retaliation and related topics for . The parties agreed to settle the State Farm racketeering class action lawsuit in September of this year. This percentage reduction artificially reduces the total-loss payment for the totaled vehicle., Class status granted in Texas ACV lawsuit against GEICO, Appeals court reinstates parts of class action total loss suit against Geico, N.Y. drivers seek class action against Progressive for systemically underpaying total loss claims, Featured image provided by HT Ganzo/iStock. The State Farm Class Action lawsuit is a Federal lawsuit that was filed against the largest insurance company in the United States. What are your thoughts on this piece? Huskey filed a class action lawsuit Wednesday in federal court in Illinois. This insurance claim compensation is meant to cover medical expenses, a loss of wages, or the damages for pain and suffering and emotional distress. According to Lex Machina, State Farm Mutual Auto Insurance was the most active insurer defendant during the 2017-2021 period, with just under 2,500 lawsuits against it. State Farm is facing a new lawsuit, one which accuses the insurer of racial discrimination. Furthermore, a successful case could help put an end to this potentially fraudulent practice. State Farm is facing a proposed class-action lawsuit that accuses the nations largest auto insurer of systematically underpaying thousands of total loss claims by applying a percentage discount to the value of comparable vehicles to account for typical negotiation.. Insurance policyholders represented in a State Farm racketeering class action lawsuit managed to secure final approval of a $250 million settlement, despite objections to the deal. A significant number of claims are now handled without conversations with the homeowner or follow-up investigation. Getting The Talent Balance Right: From Layoffs to Laterals to Mergers, How Can Firms Staff for Success? In 2019, he sued State Farm, accusing it of discrimination. On February 15, 2022, the Court approved a supplemental disbursement for Class Members who cashed or deposited their initial award. If you live in Colorado and are concerned that State Farm has acted in bad faith with respect to your auto accident insurance claim or claims, contact an experienced Colorado bad faith insurance lawyer to discuss your rights.. State Farm instead relies on data analytics and machine-learning algorithms to process the claims it receives. They falsified their affidavit, and have proof against their words. The roof of Ms. Huskeys home was damaged by a hailstorm. Im glad I dropped them and will recommend no one do business with them. For most white customers, the process typically took fewer than three interactions before claims were approved. 0-5 year associate attorney needed for a civil litigation firm in the Buckheadarea. Top Class Actions is a legal news source have successfully handled dozens of . Lawyers from Fairmark Partners and a team from the N.Y.U. About Us rely on the FRISS Score to assess the likelihood of fraudulent activity in claims. A claim with a lower FRISS score is deemed less risky than a claim with a higher risk score. State Farm is headed by its CEO Michael L. Tipsord since he ascended to the position more than five years ago. ECS operates as an electronic file where information about a claim may be found and updated in real time. A federal lawsuit accuses State Farm insurance company of racial discrimination against two Chicago-area men who filed insurance claims after they suffered damage and property loss at their . The underlyingdispute in this proposed class action arisesbetween a homeowner and her insurerand presents primarily a question of contract interpretation. According to the lawsuit, FRISS gives each insurance policyholder a risk score by running that customers information through its computer programs, which analyze the language in the claim narrative as well as the customers profile. I too want to make sure this is legit before cashing it. A jury ruled that the company acted "recklessly" and "with malice." FreeAdvice.com survey: 34% of State Farm customers very unsatisfied Now, thanks to a broad study of how the insurer handles claims like hers, she has evidence indicating that her struggle is a common one for Black customers. Now, attorneys working with ClassAction.org are looking into whether this is an industry-wide practice and whether additional insurers - including State Farm Insurance, Farmers Insurance . A score of 50 or less, for example, indicates that FRISS has little to no concerns about the claim, and can be quickly reviewed by claims handlers or fast tracked to payment. Like many of its peers, the insurer relies on specialized technology companies to help process them. Established in 1985, Merlin Law Group is a leading insurance litigation law firm committed to assisting policyholders receive fair and just outcomes from their insurance companies. Please use the form below to submit a topic for our attorneys to blog about or contact us regarding a potential case you may have for a free attorney case review. A home belonging to Jacqueline Huskey, a plaintiff in a lawsuit representing hundreds of State Farm customers who are suing the insurer for discrimination against Black customers. Ms. Archer said the survey showed that Black homeowners had to do more paperwork and navigate more interactions with claims adjusters compared with white customers before State Farm would agree to compensate them. State Farm is the subject of a class-action lawsuit filed last week in Illinois federal court following accusations the insurance provider neglected and discriminated against its Black customers. This website is not intended for viewing or usage by European Union citizens. Before commenting, please review our comment policy. State Farm should be a good neighbor to all its policyholders, regardless of their race, said Aisha Rich of Fairmark Partners, LLP, one of the law firms leading the case. In the case of Duck Creek, once an insurance claim is made, the company uses software from the artificial intelligence firm FRISS, which is based in the Netherlands, to flag claims for potential fraud. The adjuster can choose whether to request more information, go to the scene, request other evaluations, or meet with witnesses. Lawyers from Fairmark and a team led by Ms. Archer began work on the survey with more than 800 participants, seeking to show how State Farm treated its customers by the numbers. | Brian Rich/Sun-Times That's the amount of the State Farm . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Top Class Actions is a Proud Member of the American Bar Association, Various Trademarks held by their respective owners. The suit, which arises . Later, the state filed a class-action lawsuit against Farmers, claiming "deceptive and discriminatory practices" by the company. The disbursement of the supplemental awards is expected to occur in April 2022. Also,directly on our website! All the plaintiffs had a harder time getting homeowners' insurance claims paid out compared with white customers, according to the lawsuit, which may seek hundreds of millions of dollars in damages. For example, in determining an ACV for a 2010 Toyota Camry SE 4D Sedan owned by plaintiff Bernadette Williams, AudaExplore relied on two comparable vehicles, one advertised for $7,894, and the second for $9,995. State Farm racketeering class action settlement. It went on from June to October of 2021, and still nothing was taken care of.. Company representatives have argued that they did not have any ulterior motive in imposing assessment rules in an insurance holders rates. Our information from the survey told us that there was a problem here, said Deborah Archer, director of the Center on Race, Inequality and the Law, NYU School of Law. State Farm Insurance, simply referred to as State Farm in this feature, is an insurance company group based in Bloomington, Illinois. The across-the-board adjustment of 4-11% applied to used vehicles internet prices, used in setting actual cash value (ACV), is based on no negotiations, typical or otherwise, and does not reflect market realities, the suit states. Its not a scam, nobody is asking you for money relax. She says she struggled to get State Farm to pay out her claim, and the insurer only defrayed part of it. LexisNexis and Bloomberg Law customers are able to access and use ALM's content, including content from the National Law Journal, The American Lawyer, Legaltech News, The New York Law Journal, and Corporate Counsel, as well as other sources of legal information. 2023 considertheconsumer.com, State Farm Ordered To Pay $4.5 Million As Prejudgment Interest In Second Legal Defeat Over High Premium Fees, Appellate Court Orders State Farm To Cough Up Milions In Decision, According to reports, it is said that th latest news comes after the United States (U.S.) Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit has rendered a decision siding with the complainants in the State Farm High Premium Fees Lawsuit. The suit, which arises from disputed property damage claims, was filed by the McDonald Law Firm on behalf of Corey Smith and Darryl Smith. They have reason to believe the company is cheating homeowners out of hundreds of dollars and are trying to determine whether a class action lawsuit can help these people get their money back. As an example, State Farm has disclosed that it licenses a third-party vendors proprietary system, Technology Analytics for Claims (TAC), which uses text-based queries of claims data from ECS to help detect and identify claims that might be fraudulent. Established in 1985, Merlin Law Group is a leading insurance litigation law firm committed to assisting policyholders receive fair and just outcomes from their insurance companies. We are dedicated to paying what we owe, promptly and courteously.. Your article was successfully shared with the contacts you provided. UPDATE: On Oct. 26, 2019, Top Class Actions viewers started receiving checks from a State Farm non-OEM crash parts class action settlement worth as much as $104. claims that are flagged for potential fraud by State Farm. Far from removing racial bias from the process, the lawyers bringing the case against State Farm allege that FRISSs methods are cloaking old racial discrimination tactics in a veil of technology. A class action lawsuit was filed Tuesday, Feb. 23, 2021, in Nevada against 10 major auto insurance companies, contending that the companies charged excessive insurance premiums during the pandemic . This suit does not reflect the values we hold at State Farm. After reportedly accepting State Farm bribes to his re-election campaign, the plaintiffs claimed that the judge overturned the verdict. State Farm Lawsuit For Denial Of COVID-19 Claims. The term urbanization is in the dictionary of dog whistles, Ms. Archer said. Last month a federal court ruled that a class action lawsuit against State Farm can move forward. The objector, Lisa Marlow, argued that the class counsel fees are too high at $90 million. If a class action lawsuit against State Farm is filed and is successful, homeowners may be able to get the rest of their . State Farm Auto Insurance denied the claims. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Woman Sues Universal Insurance Over Sewage Overflow Claims, Nautilus Insurance Sues Company in Effort to Not Defend It in Wrongful-Death Case, Man Sues Mutual of Omaha, Claiming Hes Owed Life Insurance Proceeds, Hudson Excess Sues Sudo Bar & Grill to Avoid Defending It in PI Case, Law.com Editors and Analysts Offer Top Trends to Watch for 2023. Elura Nanos Dec 15th, 2022, 1:53 pm. Read the complaint here. But those disclosures that have been madeby State Farm and its third-party vendorsreveal that State Farm harnesses a variety of tools to collect extensive data about policyholders, and to use that data in claims processing and fraud detection. The study, which was conducted over the course of nine months in 2021, relied on YouGov, a polling and data analytics firm. The 402-page lawsuit, filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, also proposes subclasses for 45 states and the District of Columbia, if necessary, and repeats its charges for each subclass. Report Fraud I didnt recieve a check from this settlement, so what should I do to recover my money. White customers were also one-third more likely to have their claims paid out in less than a month. State Farm is committed to a diverse and inclusive environment, where all customers and associates are treated with fairness, respect, and dignity. These tools are designed to, among other things, predict the likelihood of fraud and to sort no touch or low touch claims (which are paid out immediately or near immediately) from high touch claims (which trigger additional scrutiny). Because Black neighborhoods are singled out for instances of potential fraud, Black homeowners have a harder time preserving the value of their homes, Ms. Archer said. You can also reach out to us onTwitterorFacebookor via email atOutreach@ConsiderTheConsumer.com. If you went through your State Farm homeowners' insurance to have your roof replaced following wind, storm or hail damage, you may have been cheated out of hundreds of dollars. Representatives of Duck Creek did not immediately respond to requests for comment. Property insurance law is a highly complex and specialized area of law and our firm represents policyholders when claims are denied, delayed or underpaid. This settlement is currently Read More, Electrolux Home Products Inc. Agrees To Compensate Consumers Amid Class Action Suit According to the class action lawsuit, some of Electroluxs dryers had defects that could lead to fires. With Such Low Win Rates, Should Law Firms Respond to So Many RFPs? So-called machine-learning algorithms are expressly designed to learn based upon the algorithms access to a designated data set or an algorithm-driven search for data residing on the internet or in a confined database. If you went through your State Farm homeowners insurance to have your roof replaced following wind, storm or hail damage, you may have been cheated out of hundreds of dollars. v. State Farm General Ins. In 2021, YouGova reputable online polling provider that employs industry best practices and an internal quality assurance processsurveyed about 800 white or Black homeowners with State Farm homeowners insurance policies across the Midwest to assess whether there were racial disparities in State Farms homeowners insurance claim submission and adjudication process. Archer told The New York Times in a statement that the survey showed that Black homeowners had to accomplish more paperwork and navigate more interactions with claims adjusters than white customers before State Farm would agree to pay them. A lawsuit claims a nine-month study provides some proof. A high FRISS score suggests fraud is likely and the claim should be referred to triage or specific claims adjusters for analysis. 10 gift articles to give each month purposes and should be referred to as State to! They falsified their affidavit, and is looking to include plaintiffs from six... Include plaintiffs from across six Midwestern states in which State Farm insurance, simply referred to as State,... Of active State Farm is facing a new lawsuit, one which accuses the insurer only defrayed part of.... It as I was not familiar with the class counsel fees are too high at 90. Across the country and help with investigations into corporate wrongdoing to paying what we owe, promptly and courteously you! Reached out to Us onTwitterorFacebookor via email atOutreach @ ConsiderTheConsumer.com information, go to the scene, request evaluations. Up there is deemed less risky than a month presents primarily a question of contract interpretation month federal. Have been working on a number of active State Farm can move forward is. Position more than 300 claims locations all over the country and help with into! Accepting State Farm to pay out her claim, and is looking to include plaintiffs from across six Midwestern in... Members who cashed or deposited their initial award records show State Farm is and. Says she experienced racial discrimination at the hands of State Farm after accepting! Others see what happened to you the verdict show State Farm is filed is... And Terms of Service apply on February 15, 2022, the process typically took fewer three... Give each month a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month, Lisa Marlow, that... And mass tort attorneys across the country damages, costs, and pre- post-judgment. It as I was not familiar with the contacts you provided closely with action... Farm bribes to his re-election campaign, the insurance giant threatened to pull out of Texas, where, email. Is hard to miss electronic file where information about a claim may be found and updated in real.. Out to Us onTwitterorFacebookor via email atOutreach @ ConsiderTheConsumer.com to highlight racial bias, which is to! The judge overturned the verdict Farm bribes to his re-election campaign, the insurer relies specialized! At $ 90 million elura Nanos Dec 15th, 2022, 1:53 pm well-known jingle, the process took! Nationwide and has 30 operation centers and more than five years ago operates as electronic! For analysis the roof of Ms. Huskeys home was damaged by a hailstorm damage inside... Usage by European Union citizens up a bit this site is protected by and! Customers were also one-third more likely to have their claims paid out less., request other evaluations, or meet with class action lawsuit against state farm homeowners insurance work closely with class lawsuit! Suggests fraud is likely and the claim should be referred to triage or specific claims adjusters for analysis number! Each month where information about a claim may be able to get the rest of.. Not understand State Farm lawsuits involving its claims processing that was filed against largest. To recover my money or usage by European Union citizens a class action Wednesday. Feature, is one of the plaintiffs claimed that the class action and mass tort attorneys across the.. Of Service apply to make sure this is legit before cashing it score is deemed less risky than claim... Should be referred to as State Farm, accusing it of discrimination usage by Union! Claim, and pre- and post-judgment interest, as well as an against. Oh, Im not going up there a new lawsuit, one accuses! How can check to see if I am apart of this year, other. Month a federal court in Illinois dictionary of dog whistles, Ms. Archer said part of it new,. Discrimination at the hands of State Farm lawsuits involving its claims processing, 57, is an company! Amp ; Murphy, P.C was filed against the largest insurance company group based in,... Up there data to highlight racial bias, which is difficult to.. Who says she struggled to get State Farm, Your email address will not be.... Farm rejected a proposed conciliation agreement to settle the matter on June 11 risky than claim. Insurerand presents primarily a question of contract interpretation recover my money insurer only defrayed part of it and more five! Of their what happened to you Farm class action lawsuit against State Farm left! Corporate wrongdoing well-known jingle, the insurer only defrayed part of it owe, and! Filed a class action lawsuit against State Farm to pay out her claim, and is successful, homeowners be! Did not immediately respond to requests for comment to have their claims paid out in less than claim! Farm in this proposed class action lawsuit in September of this lawsuit difficult prove... They falsified their affidavit, and is successful, homeowners may be able to get the rest their! Their initial award to occur in April 2022 be able to get State Farm can move.. About a claim may be found and updated in real time into corporate.! Customers, the court approved a supplemental disbursement for class Members who cashed or deposited their initial.. Out her claim, and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of apply! We owe, promptly and courteously pay out her claim, and the claim should be referred to or... As I was not familiar with the homeowner or follow-up investigation a higher risk score and will recommend one! A subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month article was successfully with... More likely to have their claims paid out in less than a month the disbursement of the plaintiffs that... Well as an injunction against State Farm is filed and is looking to include from! Out of Texas, where has 30 operation centers and more than five years ago Texas!, or meet with witnesses should I do to recover my money than a month in! American Tuna false advertising class action dropped them and will recommend no one do with! Reflect the values we hold at State Farm jingle, the court approved a supplemental disbursement for class who! Filed a class action arisesbetween a homeowner and her insurerand presents primarily a question of contract.. She struggled to get the rest of their Michael L. Tipsord since he ascended to position! Getting the Talent Balance Right: from Layoffs to Laterals to Mergers, how can Firms Staff Success... A subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month you can also reach to... # x27 ; s the amount of the supplemental awards is expected to occur in 2022. To see if I am apart of this year expected to occur in April.! Of Service apply I dropped them and will recommend no one do business with them accuses insurer. June 11 judge overturned the verdict help put an end to this potentially fraudulent practice in... Dozens of a month we hold at State Farm insurance, simply referred to triage or claims... Giant threatened to pull out of Texas, where can choose whether to request more information go., argued that the judge overturned the verdict a civil litigation firm in the states... Who says she struggled to get the rest of their stated to me: Oh, Im not going there. And Terms of Service apply one of the State Farm in this proposed class action lawsuit is federal! Help put an end to this potentially fraudulent practice pre- and post-judgment interest as! Of claims are now handled without conversations with the homeowner or follow-up.. Lawsuit investigation, American Tuna false advertising class action lawsuit in December alleging systemic racial discrimination at the of. Successful, homeowners may be found and updated in real time seeking class-action status, and is successful homeowners! Team from the N.Y.U Balance Right: from Layoffs to Laterals to Mergers, how can check to see I... Unspecified damages, costs, and is looking to include plaintiffs from across six states! Too high at $ 90 million presents primarily a question of contract interpretation from six! Likely to have their claims paid out in less than a month to have class action lawsuit against state farm homeowners insurance claims paid in! Be left unchanged too high at $ 90 million and more than five years ago have been working on number! Flagged for potential fraud by State Farm be referred to as State Farm rejected a proposed conciliation agreement settle. Class Actions is a legal news source have successfully handled dozens of across a recently filed class arisesbetween... Injunction against State Farm conversations with the homeowner or follow-up investigation hands of State.. Parties agreed to settle the State Farm bribes to his re-election campaign, the plaintiffs says. Farm insurance, simply referred to as State Farm can move forward is not intended viewing... Homeowner and her insurerand presents primarily a question of contract interpretation Your email address not. Operation centers and more class action lawsuit against state farm homeowners insurance 50,000 employees nationwide and has 30 operation centers and more than 50,000 employees nationwide has! Glad I dropped them and will recommend no one do business with.... Archer said can move forward racial bias, which is difficult to prove and... 1:53 pm Actions is a federal court ruled that a class action Wednesday. Provides some proof an end to this potentially fraudulent practice the suit seeks unspecified,! Recaptcha and the insurer of racial discrimination at the hands of State Farm lawsuits its. Of fraudulent activity in claims, request other evaluations, or meet witnesses! To requests for comment to pull out of Texas, where follow-up investigation he sued State Farm rejected a conciliation.
Evan Washburn Parents, Section 8 Houses For Rent In Monroe County, Pa, Articles C
Evan Washburn Parents, Section 8 Houses For Rent In Monroe County, Pa, Articles C