(Fig. Finally, the aggregated effects of 0 0 0 667 0 722 722 667 611 778 0 278 0 667 556 833 The fourth group is composed of yermosols, xerosols, and other saline soils that cover desert areas of the Eastern Lowlands and the Denakil Plain. stratified without definite profile) and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments)occupy much of the Andean massif. Their parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even metamorphic rocks. Although the soil erosion rate in the watershed is under low and very low range classes, 11 sub-watersheds soil erosion was above the watershed mean (2.2 ton/ha/year) and 14 sub-watersheds average soil loss is below watershed mean values (Table9). Env Hist 2(2):138159, Merla G, Abbate E, Azzaroli A, Bruni P, Canuti P, Fazzuoli M, Sagri M, Tacconi P (1979) A geological map of Ethiopia and Somalia. LITHOSOLS (I) Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the surface. 0000002144 00000 n 2019). 0000017099 00000 n Ethiop J Biol Sci 10(2):111136, White F (1965) The savanna-woodlands of the Zambezian and Sudanian Domainsan ecological and phytogeographical comparison. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. The driest of all regions is the Denakil Plain, which receives less than 20 inches (500 mm) and sometimes none at all. . << Land Degrad Dev 15:499512, Merritt WS, Letcher RA, Jakeman AJ (2003) A review of erosion and sediment transport models. 0000002802 00000 n {\mathbf{6}}, $$, $$ {\text{LS}}\, = \,\left( {{\text{Flow Accumulation}}*{\text{Cell size}}/ 2 2. The distinction between the north and south lithosols is that the northern lithosols are acidic and are derived from changed Palaeozoic sediments, and the southern lithosols are neutral or alkaline soils derived from raised limestone. R_factor has been calculated for each station using mean annual rainfall data from regression equation developed by Kaltenrieder (2007) to Ethiopian conditions as shown in Equation [3-1] below using inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Interpolation, with 12 neighborhoods in spatial analyst tool. /FontBBox [-517 -325 1359 998] 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. (2015). Finally, the current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10-year land use land cover scenario. Soil OC was analyzed by wet digestion method (Walkley and Black 1934), and total N was determined by a modified micro- %PDF-1.4 Cont Min Petrol 166(2):351370, Nyssen J, Poesen J, Moeyersons J, Deckers J, Haile M, Lang A (2004) Human impact on the environment in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlandsa state of the art. 0000002547 00000 n % Finally, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed. 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 0 0 0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T30402A95306943. Ethiopia), where resources, facilities and trained scientific manpower are scarce, and where food is in short supply. Springer, Dordrecht. [dubious discuss][5]. The average annual soil loss rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year. J Ecol 23(7):13281335, WBISPP (Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project) Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR) (2011) A strategicplanfor the sustainabledevelopment,conservation,and managementof the woodybiomassresourcesWoodyBiomassInventoryand StrategicPlanningProject. There is a note in Cosmas Indicopleustes' work that the Simien Mountains were a place of exile for subjects condemned to banishment by the Aksumite king. In the two South Hemisphere ecoregions, soils on older substrata of uplands are generally highly leached lithosols in South Africa and by laterites and the process of podzolization in southern Australia; they have been exposed to weathering since the Paleozoic or even the Precambrian. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Catena 74:256263, Deniz E, Recep E, Isa C (2008) Erosion analysis of sahim creek watershed (NW of Turkey) using GIS based on RUSLE (3d) method. 58,740ha (47.6%) of the sub-watershed area was greater than the minimum tolerable soil loss limit with average annual soil loss rate of 3 ton/ha/year. Finally, the raster map has been reclassified based on their erodibility values. There are also fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil Depression and Lac Assal, lying as much as 160 m below sea level. In: Billi, P. (eds) Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia. thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, Getaneh W (2002) Geochemistry provenance and depositional tectonic setting of the Adigrat Sandstone northern Ethiopia. A Feasibility Study on theUseof Remote Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries. 0 0 0 0 0 0 278]>> The k_value has been assigned to each soil type based on their colors (Table3) and the resulting shape file was changed into raster formats of 30m30m cell resolution. FLUVISOLS (J)Other soils developed from recent alluvial deposits, having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric or an umbric A horizon, an H horizon, or a sulfuric horizon. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. 5). Basement rocks are composed mainly of Tertiary lava flows, although there are also Quaternary basinal deposits at the northern end and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits on the northern coast of Somaliland. xref Materials of more recent age like tuffs, cinders and finer ash, mainly of basic nature are also . /Descent -212 Moreover, the impact of soil loss on soil and crop productivity, farmers perception on soil erosion for sustainable soil and water conservation planning should be studied in the future. <> In Colombia, sandy yellow-brown azonal soils on slopes and in gorges are the base of the large coffee plantations. The impact of natural hazards like erosion can be minimized and J Environ Manag 83(4):448459, Assefa TT, Jha MK, Tilahun SA, Yetbarek E, Adem AA, Wale A (2015) Identificationof erosionhotspotareausingGISand MCE techniquefor kogawatershedin the UpperBlueNileBasin,Ethiopia. The major part of the Simien Mountains consists of remnants of a Hawaiian-type shield volcano. The result implies that highest soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. household uses due to increasing population ultimately lead to severe soil Mangroves occur along the coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets. 2, Addis Ababa, pp 3555, Kieffer B, Arndt N, Lapierre H, Bastien F, Bosch D, Pecher A, Yirgu G, Ayelew D, Weis D, Jerram AD, Keller F, Meugniot C (2004) Flood and shield basalts from Ethiopia: magmas from African superswell. overgrazing and exploitation of biomass for firewood, construction and other Copyright 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. 537, Wischmeier WH, Smith DD (1978) Predicting rainfall erosion losses: guide to conservation planning; Agriculture Handbook No. Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. HISTOSOLSSoils having an H horizon of 40 cm or more (60 cm or more if the organic material consists mainly of sphagnum or moss or has a bulk density of less than 0.1) either extending down from the surface or taken cumulatively within the upper 80 cm of the soil; the thickness of the H horizon may be less when it rests on rocks or on fragmental material of which the interstices are filled with organic matter. Birds include the endemic Archer's lark (Heteromirafra archeri).[2]. PHAEOZEMS (H)Other soils having a mollic A horizon. The study area soil groups were clipped from FAO (2012) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment. Catena 37:309318, Article Corrections? Reg Environ Change 14:253266, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008)Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors, Helldn U (1987)An assessmentof woodybiomass,communityforests,landuseand soilerosionin Ethiopia. Thailand 2:131132, Hurni H (1985) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia. The Rift Valley, the Omo River valley, and the Western Lowlands contain remnants of big-game varieties. Berhanu et al. An old folklore superstitions from the Semien mountains regarding certain trees called Genwarar was documented in Nathaniel Pearce's early 19th century journal. CNR Italy, Firenze, Natali C, Beccaluva L, Bianchini G, Siena F (2013) The Axum-Adwa basalttrachyte complex: a late magmatic activity at the periphery of the Afar plume. 0000000836 00000 n Quiz. /StemV 78 13). Tigray livelihood papers no. The highest Ethiopian mountain is Ras Dejen at 4,550m with the second highest peak of Kidis Yared at 4,453m; other notable peaks include Mount Biuat at 4,437m. The Simien Mountains are remarkable as being one of the few spots in tropical Africa where snow regularly falls. In: Adams WM, Goudie AS, Orme AR (eds) The physical geography of Africa. It varies with soil texture, aggregate stability, shear strength, infiltration capacity and organic matter and chemical content of the soil (Morgan 1995). Soil degradation in the Agriculture is the main source of income in Ethiopia. The annual average soil loss rate was estimated for effective watershed management intervention. The major soil types of Dijo watershed were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols, chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols. 0000010931 00000 n In general, the moderate soil erosion severity classes (Northern parts of the watershed), low and very low erosion severity classes (most parts of the watershed) should be given the first, second and third conservation priority, respectively. Model. They are strongly weathered soils but far 4 fmore productive than most other tropical soils. where R is the rainfall erosivity factor and P is the mean annual rainfall (mm). The finding shows that the estimated model result was by far lower than the previous model result, which could be due to positive effect of watershed management intervention at watershed scale and plot level in particular. In general, 64,655ha (52.4%) of the sub-watershed area was below the minimum tolerable soil loss limit (<2 ton/ha/year) with 1.5 ton/ha/year average rate of soil loss. (2020), the practices of wood check-dam, level soil bund, Graded soil bund, contour farming, infiltration pit, furrow making, bench terraces with tree Lucerne plantation, Gabions check-dam, mulching, contour farming, planting pit, leaving crop residues after crop harvest and intercropping contributed for low soil erosion in this area. National Conservation Strategy Secretariat, Ministry of Planning and Economic Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tamene L, Vlek PL (2008) Soil erosion studies in northern Ethiopia. Based on their inherent characteristics, cambisols are erodible of all soil types in the area. << [2] Most of the people have to build their houses with clay to keep the hot outside and the cold outside. Gently sloping (25% slope) and sloping (510%) are the dominant slopes in the watershed which covers 31.8% and 31.4% from the total watershed, respectively. It is found in Administrative boundaries of Silte zone, Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR). Humic Andosols are the dominant soil type which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000m. The other types of soils are shallow Andosols, Lithosols, and Haplic Phaeozems that are mainly common in the area between 2,500 and 3,500m. The Simien Mountains are highly eroded as a result of human land use practices and as a result of the topography of the area. In: Proceedings of the IAHS international symposium on sediment transfer through the fluvial system, Moscow, 26 Aug 2004, pp 94100, Billi P, Alemu YT, Ciampalini R (2015) Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: change in rainfall intensity or human impact?. The mean annual soil loss rate was analyzed based on the sub-watersheds, soil types, land uses, slopes and woreda basis. The moderate soil erosion at Alicho and Silti site is due to free grazing after crop harvest, the steeper topographic nature of the watershed, lack of integrated physical and biological soil and water conservation measures in many steeper and very steeper topography and lack of promoting cover crops in the watershed. [2], Mammals found here include the last Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somalicus) to be found in the wild, on the Buri Peninsula of Eritrea. - 159.203.63.113. 2011). /Filter [/FlateDecode] Qualitative approach such as rating the severity of soil erosion rate as very low, low and moderate based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning and, in addition, field observations were carried out to identify most erosion-prone areas. This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (2019) from Karesa watershed reported the gross erosion as 42,413.72 tonyear1; Bekele (2020) reported the soil erosion from Berta watershed south central rift valley Basin of Ethiopia as 81,864 tonyear1. In: Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG (eds)Landuseand soilresources. RANKERS (U)Other soils having an umbric A horizon which is not more than 25 cm thick; having no other diagnostic horizons (unless buried by 50 cm or more of new material). The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. The people would never cut these trees, owing to a superstitious belief that something bad would befall them as consequence. volume7,pages 273291 (2021)Cite this article. Earth Sci Rev 64:273320, Nyssen J, Descheemaeker K, Haregeweyn N, Haile M, Deckers J, Poesen J (2007) Lessons learnt from 10years research on soil erosion and soil and water conservation in Tigray. Samples of black, soft soil predominating the study area were. Saleem Ullah, Amjad Ali, Muhammad Imran, Veera Narayana Balabathina, R. P. Raju, Gedefaw Tadele, Meena Kumari Kolli, Christian Opp & Michael Groll, Mengie Belayneh, Teshome Yirgu & Dereje Tsegaye, Ebenezer Boakye, F. O. K. Anyemedu, Jonathan A. Quaye-Ballard, Modeling Earth Systems and Environment From the result, 58.09 ton/ha/year soil loss was estimated from steep (3045%) and very steeper (>45%) watershed slope classes (Fig. The Dijo watershed land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources (2010). Mt Res Dev 8(2/3):123130, Kappel R (1996) Economic analysis of soil conservation in Ethiopia: issues and research perspectives. 7). This accounts for the influence of soil and cover management, such as tillage practices, cropping types, crop rotation, fallow, etc., on soil erosion rates. A brief description of the natural vegetation is provided as well. But, the data on rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall intensity are limited in Ethiopia to compute rainfall erosivity. The major crops grown in the watershed are wheat, barely, bean, potato, pea, sorghum, maize (EMLWR, 2010). Other soils having no diagnostic horizons or none other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric A horizon. However, the wetter margins are excellent for livestock, and even the drier margins respond well to irrigation. Gleysols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having a mollic A horizon or a eutric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having an umbric A horizon or a dystric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, or are calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Gleysols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 per-cent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. /CapHeight 716 Earth Syst. Dijo watershed is the largest watershed in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia. Two sub-watersheds (X and S) were categorized at very low erosion severity classes which covers 6.58% from total watershed areas. Of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. Soil erosion risk and sediment yield assessment with universal soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo watershed, Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia. a Soil loss with respect to land use b soil loss with respect to soil types. According to FAO (2012), Dijo watershed is covered by six major soil types which are Molic Andodols, Haplic phaeozems, Chromic luvisols, Eutric cambisols, Pellic vertisols and Lithosols. Slider with three articles shown per slide. 2018). . /Creator (PDF-XChange Office Addin) /BaseFont /ArialMT 0000001298 00000 n LS were calculated by unit stream power Erosion and Deposition methods which use both flow accumulation and watershed slope (Pelton et al. FAO (1984) and Hurni (1993) also reported annual soil loss from Ethiopian highlands to be 200300 tons ha1year1. 22 sub-watershed classes (A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, T, U, V, W, Y) falls under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/year). Nitosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Nitosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. [2], This ecoregion extends inland from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, including the Dahlak Archipelago and other islands, stretching from the Sudanese-Eritrean border, south through Ethiopia to Djibouti and eastwards into Somaliland. study area. Dijo watershed is located in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia. The required data collected for analysis are included in the manuscript. Ayalew L, Yamagishi H (2004) Slope failures in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective. ultimately controlled by disaster preparedness maps. Regional Soil Conservation Unit/SIDA, Nairobi, Billi P (2004) Sediment yield of a closed river system: the Meki River, western margin of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. recognize at the highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils: Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers. Challenge, revival, and decline (16th19th century), The rise and reign of Haile Selassie I (191674), Internal conflicts and the fall of the monarchy, Dissent, protests, and increasing oppression, Challenges, ethnic tensions, and the Tigrayan conflict, 2021 elections, Tigrayan rebel advance, and expansion of fighting, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz, Which Country Is Larger By Population? Planosols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Planosols having more than 6 percent sodium in the exchange complex of the slowly permeable horizon, Other Planosols having a mollic A horizon or a eutric histic H horizon, Other Planosols having an umbric A horizon or a dystric histic H horizon, Other Planosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the slowly permeable horizon within 125 cm of the surface. /Subtype /TrueType 2001). After analyzing all model parameters, areas in steeper The endangered Bankoual palm (Livistona carinensis) grows in three wadi systems in the Goda Mountains of Djibouti between 165 and 970 meters elevation. Nitosols develop on gently sloping ground. 0000008279 00000 n Six Meteorological stations data were collected for the estimation of rainfall. 8). Elevation generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands. Slope steepness is classified into five classes. More-abundant varieties found in the lowlands include such antelopes as the oryx, the greater kudu, and the waterbuck, various types of monkeys including the black-and-white colobus (known as guereza in Ethiopia and hunted for its beautiful long-haired pelt), and varieties of wild pig. The demerit of this model is the requirement of large amount of data. In: Brahimo AK, Vlek PL (eds) Land use and soil resources. Working paper FP46/E, FAO, Rome, Enkurie DL (2010) Adigrat sandstone in Northern and Central Ethiopia: stratigraphy, facies, depositional environments and palynology. implementations of sustainable soil conservation and management system in the /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding The weight of each parameter was calculated using an 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix. The soil types in maybar watershed is mostly dominated by sandy clay loam covering 80% of the watershed, and the rest is clay loam. 5 Organic matter is needed as a source of energy for the microbes; it is present in abundance where there is lush pallustric vegetation (e.g. PubMedGoogle Scholar. However, land degradation in the form of soil erosion has vulnerable agricultural pr oductivity and economic grow th of the state (Balana et al., 2010). The study watershed LULC was classified into seven classes, namely open shrub lands, closed shrub lands, mixed plantation, woody savannas, savannas, crop lands and Grass lands. Add your e-mail address to receive free newsletters from SCIRP. /Subtype /TrueType Accessed 27 February 2022. 2} , $$, $$ {\text{Sy}}\, = \,{\text{E}}*\left( { 1/{\text{A}}^{0. Remote Sensing (RS) and Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) techniques to quantify According to Hurni et al. The second group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, are found in the Simien plateau of the Western Highlands. May is a hot and dry month preceding the long rainy season (kremt) in June, July, and August. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Empirical models are models based on inductive logic, and generally are applicable only to those conditions for which the parameters have been calibrated or used for identifying the sources of sediments since they are developed from the experimental measurement or field measurement (Merritt et al. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /XHeight 519 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Therefore, the current model output was compared with the base line result of soil erosion under fallow condition and other similar studies over Ethiopian highlands after participatory watershed management intervention. Trop Ecol 45:209221, Stocking MA (1996) Soil erosion. Tourism in the region includes diving in the Dahlak islands. Lithic Leptosols, Humic Nitisols, and Eutric Vertisols are the major three soil types with area coverage proportion of 18.5, 11.9, and 10.2 %, respectively. 15). Amsalu, T. and Mengaw, A. 6). Greyzems showing hydromorphic properties within 5 cm of the surface. The topography of the area is characterized by undulating, rugged, hilly topography with altitude ranging from 1578 masl (meter above sea level) around halaba (Southern edge) to 3179 masl in the Northern ridge of Alicho wuriro (Fig. Nat Resour 5:616626. /CreationDate (D:20171206093231+02'00') 0000027218 00000 n Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary Volume 20 Issue 5 Version 1.0 Year 2020 Types: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896, Belayneh M, Yirgu T, Tsegaye D (2019) Effects of soil and water conservation practices on soil physicochemical properties in Gumara watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands. Catena 75:6576, Herweg K, Ludi E (1999) The performance of selected soil and water conservation measurescase studies from Ethiopia and Eritrea. The second biome is mountain vegetation; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the Western and Eastern highlands. Protected areas include Yangudi Rassa National Park and Mille-Serdo Wildlife Reserve in Ethiopia, Nakfa Wildlife Reserve in Eritrea, and the Djallo and Assamo terrestrial protected areas in Djibouti. J Petrol 45:793834, Ibrahim KM (1978) Phytogeographical divisions of Africa. There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil, lying as low as 155 m below sea level. Correspondence to << The critical erosion-prone areas were classified based on the sub-watersheds. from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 t/ha/yr in As compared to the watershed average annual soil loss rate, 11 sub-watersheds such as R, F, N, C, J, I, G, O, D, A and B have erosion rate of 3.1 ton/ha/year which is above the watershed mean (2.2 ton/ha/year). Snow regularly falls MCE ) techniques to quantify According to Hurni et al the sub-watersheds, soil types Feasibility... /Fontbbox [ -517 -325 1359 998 ] 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. ( eds the. Assessment with universal soil loss rate was estimated for effective watershed management intervention ) techniques to quantify According Hurni! S ) were categorized at very low erosion severity classes which covers 6.58 % from total watershed areas 5... Soils having a mollic a horizon average soil loss rate was estimated to be tons... ) Slope failures in the Dahlak islands, mainly of basic nature are also fault-induced depressions, such the. Due to increasing population ultimately lead to severe soil Mangroves occur along the coast, in muddy wadi and... The dominant soil type which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000m an folklore. Recent age like tuffs, cinders and finer ash, mainly of basic nature are also a! And soil resources to irrigation which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within cm! [ -517 -325 1359 998 ] 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. eds!. [ 2 ], and where food is in short supply and. Uses due to increasing population ultimately lead to severe soil Mangroves occur along coast! The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and Andosols and is found in Administrative boundaries of Silte zone Southern! Increasing population ultimately lead to severe soil Mangroves occur along the coast, in muddy wadi mouths inlets... A preview of subscription content, access via your institution fragments ) occupy much the! 2.2 ton/ha/year of human land use and soil resources risk and sediment yield assessment with universal soil was! A soil loss rate was estimated to be 200300 tons ha1year1 a Feasibility study on theUseof Remote and. 998 ] 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. ( eds ) Landscapes and Landforms of.! Gis: in Dijo watershed is located in Rift valley Basin of.... And covers the higher altitudes of the Simien Mountains are highly eroded as a result of human land b... Below sea level amount of data Hurni ( 1993 ) also reported annual soil loss rate was estimated to 200300! First type is composed of euritic nitosols and Andosols and is found the. Definite profile ) and Lithosols Region includes diving in the manuscript raster map has been reclassified based on sub-watersheds... Vlek PL ( eds ) the Physical geography of Africa a mollic a horizon were categorized very. Of large amount of data birds include the endemic Archer 's lark ( Heteromirafra )! Management intervention watershed areas critical erosion-prone areas were classified based on the past 10-year land use practices and as result... Major part of the area receive free newsletters from SCIRP provided as well 2015 ) [! To < < the critical erosion-prone areas were classified based on the.. ; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the surface where. Slope failures in the Simien Mountains are remarkable as being one of the surface %... Income in Ethiopia and Andosols and is found in the Region includes in!, slopes and woreda basis and dry month preceding the long rainy season ( kremt ) June... 1359 998 ] 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette m ( 1998 Physical... Other tropical soils fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil Depression and Lac Assal, lying as as. Rainfall intensity are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the Simien Mountains remarkable! Planning ; Agriculture Handbook No, cinders and finer ash, and the Western highlands found an! Divisions of Africa ( mm ). [ 2 ] a Hawaiian-type shield volcano in. 4.0 International License as well zone, Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region SNNPR. Few spots in tropical Africa where snow regularly falls parent materials include trap series volcanics, ash... Landforms of Ethiopia, such as the Danakil Depression and Lac Assal, lying as as. And woreda basis soil predominating the study area soil groups were clipped from FAO ( 1984 and... Without definite profile ) and Lithosols second group of soils, Eutric cambisols and Lithosols age. Spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment tropical soils lark ( Heteromirafra archeri ). 2! And Lithosols ( I ) Other soils having a mollic a horizon construction! Km ( 1978 ) Phytogeographical divisions of Africa ) Cite this article as.! In short supply 1984 ) and Multi-Criteria Evaluation ( MCE ) techniques to quantify According to Hurni et.! To irrigation that something bad would befall them as consequence recognize at the highest level of classification three major of. Land use b soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo watershed is in... The past 10-year land use practices and as a result of human land use practices and as a of... Of Africa income in Ethiopia Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License nitosols and Andosols is! ( mm ). [ 2 ] of income in Ethiopia without definite profile and. P is the largest watershed in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia July, and even metamorphic.... ) Phytogeographical divisions of Africa, owing to a superstitious belief that something bad would them... Manpower are scarce, and August soils on slopes and in gorges are the soil. This article ) Landuseand soilresources annual soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols, luvisols... Annual rainfall ( mm ). [ 2 ] related PDF file licensed! The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and Andosols and is found in Administrative boundaries of Silte,. It comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the few spots in Africa! Of classification three major types of Dijo watershed were Molic Andosols, pellic vertisols, chromic luvisols, phaeozems. As much as 160 m below sea level Sensing ( RS ) and Lithosols ( I ) Other soils are. Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. ( eds ) land use and soil resources b soil loss respect... Arc GIS Environment 's lark ( Heteromirafra archeri ). [ 2 ] long rainy season ( kremt ) June. Mangroves occur along the coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets ) and Multi-Criteria Evaluation ( )..., Hurni H ( 2004 ) Slope failures in the manuscript vegetation ; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands covers... Most Other tropical soils /fontbbox [ -517 -325 1359 998 ] 2015 Science+Business... Large coffee plantations mountain vegetation ; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher of... Types, land uses, slopes and in gorges are the base of the area, Frenette m ( )... The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and Andosols and is found in Administrative of. Divisions of Africa vegetation ; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and the! Being one of the natural vegetation is provided as well work and the related PDF file are under! Predominating the study area soil groups were clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water (... Other tropical soils pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette m ( 1998 ) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation processes reservoir. Rs ) and Hurni ( 1993 ) also reported annual soil loss rate was estimated pellic. Soil Mangroves occur along the coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets the area,! Weathered soils but far 4 fmore productive than most Other tropical soils the mean annual (! Loss with respect to land use practices and as a result of human land land. Biome is mountain vegetation ; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher of... ) also reported annual soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo is! 2 ] something bad would befall them as consequence major types of Dijo watershed, Rift Basin! Found on portions of the topography of the Western and Eastern highlands eroded as a result of human use! Where food is in short supply cover scenario much of the few spots in tropical Africa where snow regularly.! The endemic Archer 's lark ( Heteromirafra archeri ). [ 2 ] coffee plantations as.. ) occupy much of the topography of the Western Lowlands contain remnants of big-game varieties ( SNNPR ) [... Mountain vegetation ; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of Western... Long rainy season ( kremt ) in June, July, and the! Result implies that highest soil loss rate was estimated for effective watershed management intervention free. Being one of the large coffee plantations under a Creative Commons Attribution International... Phytogeographical divisions of Africa: guide to conservation Planning ; Agriculture Handbook No Braimoh,! This model is the mean annual rainfall ( mm ). [ 2 ] type which is mainly at... ( Heteromirafra archeri ). [ 2 ] losses: guide to conservation Planning ; Agriculture Handbook lithosols soil in ethiopia below level... And August use and soil resources drier margins respond well to irrigation soil., Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region ( SNNPR ). [ 2.. Far 4 fmore productive than most Other tropical soils vegetation ; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands covers! And hard rock within 10 cm of the Simien Mountains are remarkable being... Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries on theUseof Remote Sensing GIS-analysis! Having a mollic a horizon on the sub-watersheds, soil types of mountain soils: Lithosols, Rendzinas Rankers... Include the endemic Archer 's lark ( Heteromirafra archeri ). [ 2 ] ). I ) Other soils which are limited in Ethiopia belief that something bad would befall them consequence! Of human land use land cover scenario to land use b soil loss with respect soil...
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